|
Subject
|
Topics
|
|
Natural Products
|
- Secondary metabolites
- Phytochemistry
- Methods of extraction, isolation, and characterization of natural products
- Biosynthetic pathways
- Important therapeutic classes
- Primary metabolites
- Marine natural products
- Plant growth regulators
- Spectroscopy
- Dietary antioxidants
|
|
Stereochemistry
|
- Pharmacology and toxicology
- Evaluation of formulation, principles, and methods of release control in oral formulations
- Bioavailability, bioequivalence studies
- Compartmental modelling
- Packaging
- Dosage forms
- Additives of formulation, types, examples, advantages, disadvantages, drug excipient interaction, incompatibility, various types of incompatibilities
- (TDDS)
- Fischer, sawhorse and Newman projection formulas
- Standardization of natural products
- Various adrenergic, cholinergic and other receptors
- Pharmaceutics and formulation (Pharmaceutical Technology)
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- The pharmacological effect, desired, undesired, toxic, adverse effects
- Bioavailability, bioequivalence, various factors of ADME
- Drug metabolism
- Drug interactions, agonist, antagonist, protein binding, drug distribution, distribution volume, excretion pathways
- Pharmacological screening
- Mechanism of drug action
- Drug-receptor interaction
- Detailed study of CNS pharmacology Transdermal drug delivery systems
- Diseases
- Chemotherapy and pathophysiology
- Bioassay methods
- Drug delivery systems (DDS)
- Carriers in DDS
- Biological sources of important classes of natural products
- Parenteral
- Drug targeting
- Complexation
- Solubilisation
- Dosage form development- stages, implications of dosage form
- Viscosity measurements
|
|
Pharmaceutical analysis
|
- Stability testing of pharmaceuticals, various stability tests, kinetic studies, shelf-life determination, thermal stability, formulation stability
- Various analytical techniques
- Tests: physical and chemical tests, limit tests, microbiological tests, biological tests, disintegration and dissolution tests.
- Solubility
- Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS): principles, absorption enhancers, evaluation of TDDS.
- Carriers in DDS: polymers and their classification, types, carbohydrates, surfactants, proteins, lipids, prodrugs etc.
- Drug delivery systems (DDS): NDDS models, osmotic pumps, various release patterns
- Osmolality, osmolality, osmotic pressure, conductivity, Preservatives, Media for bioassay.
- Spectroscopic methods
- Electrophoresis
- UV-Visible
- NMR
- XRD
- IR
- Fluorimetry
- HPLC
- IR
- GC
- LCMS
- Mass
- NMR Peaks
- Particle sizing
- Chromatography- detailed QA and QC: GLP, TQM, ISO system
- Preformulation, cyclodextrin inclusion compounds
- Crystallinity, polymorphism, solvates and hydrates, crystal habits, porosity, surface area flow properties.
- Dosage forms, Stages of dosage form development
|
|
Biotechnology and biochemistry
|
- Pharmaceutical technology
- Classification of enzymes and the mechanism of their function of action of
- Genetic Engineering
- Blotting techniques(Western, southern)
- Gel electrophoresis
- Gene cloning
- Immunoassays, protein
- RNA synthesis
- DNA synthesis
- rDNA technology
|
|
Gene expression
|
- Mutation
- Replication
- Transcription, translation
- Recombination, bacteriophages
|
|
Cloning
|
- Fermentation
- Methods, isolation of nucleic acids, enzymes in cloning
|
|
Chemistry
|
- Basic organic chemistry and biochemistry Stereochemistry
- Osazone test
- Mutarotation
- Medicinal chemistry and Bulk Drugs
- Keto-enol tautomerism
- IUPAC nomenclature
- Introduction to thermal methods of analysis
- Introduction to Redox reactions
- Imine-enamine
- Hybridization
- Amino acids proteins
- Type of stereoisomer
- Basic methods of synthesis of various organic compounds
- Named reactions
- Various Heterocycles, Heterocycle synthesis, reactions
- Tautomerism
- Spectroscopy
- Resolution methods
- Reaction kinetics, first second third and pseudo-first-order reactions, radiolabeling for determination of mechanism.
- Racemic mixture
- R and S nomenclature
- Reactions like Cannizarro’s reaction
- Pericyclic reactions
- Ester hydrolysis
- Huckel’s rule reaction mechanisms-
- E and Z isomerism
- Common condensation reactions like Aldol, Claisen Perkin, Dickmann, Darzen
- Chromatography
- Carbohydrates classification
- Aromaticity
|
|
Aptitude
|
- Simple Mathematics
- logical reasoning and data analysis,
- questions based on the English language
|
|
Pharmacology
|
- Bioavailability, bioequivalence, various factors of ADME
- Bioassay methods, various requirements. Brief knowledge of the statistical tests.
- Chemotherapy and pathophysiology- knowledge of antibiotics, their mode of action and the microorganisms responsible for various common diseases.
- Diseases: a study of the pharmacology of the diseases and drugs used with the mode of action especially of diabetes, malaria, leishmaniasis, TB, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, inflammation, and immunomodulation.
- Study of the basis of threshold areas of work in NIPER in the pharmacology dept. Mentioned in the brochure.
- Detailed study of CNS pharmacology especially opioid receptors
- Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacological effect, desired, undesired, toxic, adverse effects.
- Drug metabolism: various pathways and other details.
- Drug interactions, agonist, antagonist, Mechanism of drug action, drug-receptor interaction.
- Various adrenergic, cholinergic and other receptors
- Partial agonist, protein binding, drug distribution, distribution volume, excretion pathways etc.
|
|
Phytochemistry
|
- Methods of extraction, isolation, and characterization of natural products.
- Various separation techniques used for the isolation of natural products.
- Biosynthetic pathways.
- Primary metabolites, their examples
- Secondary metabolites, various classes of secondary metabolites (Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, lignans, saponins, lipids, flavonoids, coumarins, etc.).
- Important therapeutic classes: anti-diabetics, hepato-protectives, immunomodulators, nutraceuticals, natural products for gynaecological disorders, anti-cancer, anti-viral (mainly anti-HIV), adaptogens etc.
- Dietary antioxidants, Marine natural products, plant growth regulators.
- Fischer projection formulas.
- Biological sources of important classes of natural products. (Selected ones only)
- Standardization of natural products, analytical pharmacognosy.
- Difference between natural products and pharmacognosy
- Some knowledge about types and preparation of ayurvedic formulations like asava, arista etc.
|
